DNA and Central Dogma

DNA we have all seen it and tried to figure out what shape it was and what it is well I have an answer for this question.. DNA has a shape of a double helix which basically is like a twisted ladder. DNA is the genetic material in your body. DNA has four different types of nucleotides two are purine bases (A-adenine and G-guanine) and the last two are pyrimidine bases(T-thymine and C-cytosine). Since DNA is a twisted ladder each purine has a pair: A=T and G=C this is because of hydrogen bonds!!!!

The picture above is an example of DNA but it is flat to show the bonds. In class we did the same activity of building DNA but it looks like the picture above.

After wer learned about DNA we started on Central Dogma. Central Dogma is DNA->RNA->Protein translation. The arrow between DNA and RNA is called transcription. This is where the DNA just passes info to RNA. RNA to Protein translation is where it takes the message and gives it to the Ribosomes for protein. 

Any DNA is the same basic structure. Different DNA like a virus will have the same process of normal DNA. If you take out DNA their is no process thus no Protein. 

This is a picture of notes I took on Central Dogma. 

This is a vocabulary project about central dogma. 

From DNA to Proteins: Key Terms

(Ch. 14 in the Mader Biology Textbook)

Read about and define the terms below. Develop and publish a concept map, flashcard set, or other creative visual aid to help yourself and others learn the connections between these ideas.

Anticodon: Three-base sequence in a transfer RNA molecule base that paris with a complementary condon in mRNA.

Codon: Three-base sequence in messenger RNA that causes the insertion of a particular amino acid into a protein, or termination of translation.

Exon: A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence.

Genetic Code: Universal code that had existed for eons; specifics protein synthesis in the cells of all living things. Each condon consists nucleotides that make up one of the 20 amino acids found in proteins.

Intron: A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.

mRNA (messenger RNA): Type of RNA formed from a DNA template and bearing coded information for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.

Promoter: In an operon, a sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds prior to transcription.

Protein-coding Gene: Coding Gene Transcribes into mRNA.

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA): Nucleic acid produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar ribose; occurs in three forms: messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA.

RNA polymerase: During transcription, and enzyme that joins nucleotides complementary to a DNA template.

rRNA (ribosomal RNA): Type of RNA found in ribosomes that translate messenger RNAs to produce proteins.

Transcription: It is the process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA (messenger RNA or mRNA) with the aid of aRNA polymerases.

Translation: Process whereby ribosomes use the sequence of codons in mRNA to produce a polypeptide with a particular sequence of amino acids.

tRNA (transfer RNA): Type of RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis; at one end, it binds to the amino acid, and at the other end it has an anticodon that binds to an mRNA codon.



Std 8 #3

Remebering: What I did in Biology is:

1. What You'll Wish You'd Known
2. Onion Root Cell Virtual Lab and Lab and Meitosis
3. Genetic Organizer
4. My Family Pedigree!!!
5. Greg and Olga
6. Create a baby!!
7. Eugenics in America
8. DNA and Central Dogma

What is important about it:

Each blog was interesting to write and learn whats new in the world of biology and just a new insight of the world of biology.

Applying:

I could apply this in everyday life. Biology is very important with what I want to become. I want be become a nurse practioner so this field of science is essential to medical school. Also I need to take micro biology so I believe this will be a leg up.

Evaluating:

How I did this 3rd quarter was good. I enjoyed all the activites we did like DNA and Mitosis. I really understood those topics, but I have a hard time getting everything from my head to my blogs and portfolio.

Creating:

Next quarter I could put some youtube videos, websites, and just more visual effects to my blogs to give a further explanition of what we are studing.  Also I need to get better at writing in my blogs.





 

Eugenics in America

Eugenics??? Long word huh? Well this is much much more than a word. Eugenics was the social movement claiming to improve the genetic features of humans through selective breeding and sterilization.  In simpler terms this is where people world try to stop the bad genes from continuing on. Which is wrong. This is just another version of making the perfect child.

American Eugenics developed after the civil war and the fast growth of the American Industry. Cities started to expand rapidly and this rapid movment created labor union organizations. With everything moving forward in an industrial world and more and more immagrants came forth to work around the time of WW1. "Social Darwinism" had became the way to explain the socal and ecomimic pyramid. This basicly became survival of the fittest at that time. With this in mind scientists had strong faith that there could be a cure-all in human sociey. This problem created move of Eugenics.

Suprisingly many american's supported the study of Euginics becasue everyone wanted that perfect child. People now days are even trying get the perfect child by trying to find the perfect mate some are even going as far as probing the fetus in the womb to give it blue eyes. (which I thing is wrong, babies are gift and shouldn't be poked and prodded.) Eugenics was passed by social society because everyone was seeking acceptance. Expecially now that immagrants are becoming more popular people wanted to keep the "american" cleanse. People thought it was bad to hang around immigrants. Upperclass americans were like the kings the same with middle class they were thought has the "fit" they were the people who were encouraged to have childern they lower class were sterilized because society thought they were unfit.

Now days we have the perfect baby contest who parents set there baby up in a contest where judges judge if they are perfect. This contest is just wrong. Again something that surprises me is parents "changing" their kid in the womb. Picking blonde hair with blue eyes or picking the perfect sperm or egg to have the smartest, prettiest, athletic etc child.

Eugenics is crazy the more you read the more that surprises you. 

 

Create a baby!!

My partner Morgan and I decided to have a baby together.... Long story short we looked at our facial features to assume what our kids might have. 

Below is a list of traits we have. I decided be the mom and Morgan wanted to be the dad. Haha. By the way we are girls. 

So we flipped a coin to decide what the baby will be and it was a boy and his name is Kegan a mix of morgan and kelsey. 

Basically we flipped a coin to decide what trait was dominate for each of us. In the picture below you can see the out come of trait that came out. This blog post about genetics and how they work and what that they do. Genetics are the part of a person that is found in the DNA. Genes a person get from their mom and Alleles they get from their dad and which one you get is luck and genotypes.  Each genotype has a chance to be dominant and a chance to be recessive gene. Alleles are characterized in letters uppercase letters means that the gene is dominant lowercase letters means it is a recessive gene. With what ever you end up with is mosly likely chance or just genes.

After we finished flipping coins we had to draw what our baby would look like by what our traits look like. This was a really fun and simple project. Below is a picture of our baby. 

KEGAN

Greg and Olga