Green Human Project

This is the Green human project that I made and my idea should really happen!!!!

Second Quarter Self analysis Standard 8

Remebering: What I did in Biology was:

1. The lab I created:)
2. My Microscope Test!
3. Cystic Fibrosis
4. The Kid that had CF
5. PKU Webquest
6. Cells project
7. Enzyme Action
8. Photosynthesis Dry Lab
9. Green Human Project

What is important about it:

Each blog was really need to write and to engage myself into something new. My favorites would be learning about the  microscope, PKU, and the Enzyme Lab. Just these blogs gave a new insight and a better view of Biology.

Applying:

I do happen to apply Biology in everyday life because I have a Biology class but in the future I'm looking into the medical field but Im not sure if I want to be a dental hygienist or a OB nurse. 

Evaluating:

This 2nd quarter I think I did well with my blogs they became or in-depth and detailed. Some even had really good references and videos to show how I understand the works of Biology. I would give my self an A for effort.

Creating:

From the last quarter I have reached my goal of putting some more visual effects into blogs and also using for technology in this class. Also I have reached my goal of having deeper explanations of what we are studying. This next quarter I would like to get better at writing blogs so I could get more 4's. Getting 4's on everything is going to be my goal. 

Photosynthesis Dry Lab

Photosynthesis Dry Lab

In this “dry lab” you will be working backwards from what you would normally do in a lab situation. In this case, you will be given a set of observations that were made in a lab and you will be asked to reconstruct the procedure that could have generated this data. You will also be given a set of facts that you will use to explain this set of observations in the analysis and conclusions section of your lab write-up. As you create the procedure for this lab, please remember all the rules that you have been learning about good experimental design.

Your lab report begins below. Fill in the missing sections of the lab report using the observations and facts given. You may assume that you have access to as many test tubes, snails, Elodea plants, light sources, dark places, and as much pond water and BTB as you need.

Make your own copy of this Google Doc and edit the lab report that begins here:

---

My Most Awesomest Photosynthesis Lab Report

by

Kelsey Nolte

Purpose: To understand the ways of photosynthesis.

Background Facts:

• Carbon dioxide in water produces carbonic acid.
• Bromothymol Blue (BTB) is a blue-green liquid which changes to a yellow color in acid and back to blue-green when returned to a neutral pH.
• Carbon dioxide plus water yields sugar and oxygen when chlorophyll and sunlight are present.
• Animals respire.
• Green plants photosynthesize in the light and respire all the time.
• Sugar plus oxygen yields carbon dioxide plus water and energy.

Hypothesis:
My hypothesis is that if i was to put a snail into BTB the water will turn yellow because the snail is respiring. Also if we were to put  Elodea into BTB the water will still be blue-green because there is no mix of of carbon dioxide to made carbonic acid.

Materials:
Test tubes, Snails, Elodea plants, Light sources, A dark place, Abundance of pond water and BTB



Procedure:

1. Fill the 5 test tubes with 100 mL of water then add 5 mL of BTB
2. Label the first test tube 1, the sencond 2, the third 3, and the forth 4, and the fith 5
3. Leave test tube 1 untouched
4. Observe and record what happenes
5. Place a snail in test tube 2
6. Oberve and record what happens
7. Place a Elodea plant into testtube 3 and observe what happens
8. In testtube 4 place a snail and the Elodea plant in the dark for 3 hours
9. Observe and record what happenes
10. In test tube 5 place a snail an the Elodea plant in the light for 3 hours
11. Observe and record what happenes
    
    Observations:
    
12. Water plus bromothymol blue is blue-green.
13. Water plus bromothymol blue plus an aquarium snail turns yellow.
14. Water plus bromothymol blue plus Elodea (an aquarium plant) is blue-green in light.
15. Water plus bromothymol blue plus a snail plus Elodea is blue-green in light and yellow when left in the dark for three hours.

Analysis and Conclusions:

1. Water plus bromothymol blue is blue-green because...

This is because the BTB diffused into the water turning it blue-green.

2. Water plus bromothymol blue plus an aquarium snail turns yellow because...

There is oxygen or the snail is respiring (CO2) which turn into carbonic acid when mixed with water. Which changes the pH of the BTB causing the water to turn yellow.

3. Water plus bromothymol blue plus Elodea (an aquarium plant) is blue-green in light because...

This only gives off oxygen and sugar and it is not changing the BTB color because there is no CO2 given off.

4. Water plus bromothymol blue plus a snail plus Elodea is blue-green in light and yellow when left in the dark for three hours...

This is because when the plant in the dark the plant is not photosynthesizing. When there is no sun the plant will not get energy and will give off CO2 (carbon) and there will be carbonic acid to change the pH that changes  the water yellow. So the plant can have the process of photosynthesis if there is sunlight that will cause the water to change color.

Enzyme Action

This blog is about enzymes the effect of enzyme concentration, the enzyme effect with temperature,  and lastly the effect of pH of the enzyme. An enzyme is any of various proteins, as pepsin, originating from living cells andcapable of producing certain chemical changes in organic substancesby catalytic action, as in digestion (this is just the book definition of enzyme). This was a lab with other group members to examine the ways of enzymes. The presentation gives a good explanation of what happened in this lab. Something to think about before you look at the presentation is what do you think will happen to the enzyme if it is placed in a tube of boiling hot water and freezing cold water.

Cells project

Cells project! This project is about parts of the cell and it also has a youtube video explaining the diffrences of the pant and animal cell.

PKU Webquest

PHENYLKETONURIA: A METABOLIC DISORDER

Metabolic disorders are genetic diseases that affect the body's ability to perform its normal chemical reactions. Many metabolic disorders result from enzyme defects. Recall that a metabolic pathway is a stepwise sequence of enzyme-mediated reactions. If one enzyme in a metabolic pathway is defective, that enzyme's substrate may accumulate and the pathway may not be completed. This may result in a buildup of harmful substances or a shortage of required molecules.

Activity

In this exercise, you will use the Web links below to gather information about the metabolic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). Use what you learn to answer the questions at the bottom of the page.


Your Genes, Your Health: Phenylketonuria
http://www.ygyh.org

NSPKU Home Page
http://www.nspku.org

Texas Department of Health Genetic Disorders
http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/newborn

Phenylketonuria - The Genetics
http://willroberts.com/pku/


Questions

1. What enzyme is most commonly defective in people with phenylketonuria?
The most common defective enzyme is called phenylalanine hydroxylase which is needed to break down essential amino acid callednphenylalanine into a different amino acid called tyrosine.

2. What reaction does this enzyme catalyze? (What is the substrate and what product is produced?) This reaction causes a build up of high body levels called hyperphenylalaninaemia  which can damage the brain.
3. Describe the symptoms of phenylketonuria.
The symptoms of phenylketonuria vary from mild to very serious:
Seizures, delayed development, behavioral problems, and psychiatric disorders are also common.
Children with classic PKU tend to have lighter skin and hair than unaffected family members and are also likely to have skin disorders such as eczema.
Some cases aslo cause brain damage to the child.

4. What causes the symptoms of PKU, the lack of a substance or the buildup of one?
Phenylalanine is found in proteins of the food that we eat, and reacts badly with the PKU because the hindered enzyme is one of a metabolic nature.


5. How common is phenylketonuria? How is it treated?
PKU is not very common. Rates in Asian and Caucasians are rare but come up more in Irish and Turkish heritage families. It is treatable and is treated by a low protein diet that is carried out throughout the patient’s lifetime.

The Kid that had CF

After watching the video I really think that the school was being really unfair with Coleman. He shouldn't be segregated for having that disease. You can see Coleman is really upset with what these school did. He is just a young boy who is trying t fit into a new school. I moved to a new school and I know how hard it was to make friends even when I didn't have a disease. For the school to say he can't go to school there is wrong. In the video when the Doctor and Layer talked about how wrong the school was on both sides and how the child can't infect anybody if he is not in contact with somebody. We were all thought to cover our mouth when we cough and to sneeze into a kleenex or to sneeze into our arm/ shirt. This video shows how crewel people are to others because of a LIFE THREATENING  DISEASE. Everyone should watch this video and learn how bad CF really is and how it could take such a precious life with it.

Here is the video to watch.  Please comment on what you think of this?

   

Visit NBCNews.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy

Cystic Fibrosis

CYSTIC FIBROSIS - A DISORDER OF MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

A great variety of proteins have roles in moving molecules and ions across cell membranes. Passive transport proteins permit certain substances to diffuse down concentration gradients by moving through the protein's interior. Active transport proteins use ATP energy to pump substances across the membrane against their concentration gradients. To investigate the importance of transport proteins, we will consider the effects of cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder in which there is a defect in a transport protein..

Activity

Part 1.

In this part of the activity you will visit the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation’s web site to learn about the causes and symptoms of cystic fibrosis.

Use your browser to go to http://www.cff.org/home/

Use the information provided in the “About cystic fibrosis” section to answer the following questions:

1. What are the signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
The signs of cystic fibrosis are frequent coughing that brings up phlegm, Dehydration, Salty tasting skin.
2. How common is this disorder?
About 1,00 new cases of this disorder are diagnosed each year. Also about 1 in every 25 people can get this disorder.
3. How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?
Cystic fibrosis is diagnosed by chest X-rays or Lung Function Tests.
4. How is cystic fibrosis inherited? Does everyone who has a mutant gene for the protein have cystic fibrosis?
Cystic fibrosis is inherited by if the mom and dad have it and there is 25% that the child what will have CF and 50% chance that the child had the gene but has no symptoms and 25% that the child does not have the gene and no symptoms.
Part 2.

In this part of the activity you will read an article to learn more about cystic fibrosis.

Use your browser to go to:

http://resources.schoolscience.co.uk/MRC/3/page3.html

Use the information in this article to answer the following questions:

1. Explain the normal function of the protein that is defective in cystic fibrosis.

Its normal function is to control the flow of Chloride ions from the cell. In the lining cell of a person with CF, the vital Chloride channel is blocked.

2. What happens to this protein in CF patients and what are the consequences for the health of these individuals?

Its normal function is to control the flow of Chloride ions from the cell. In the lining cell of a person with CF, the vital Chloride channel is blocked.

Part 3.

In this part of the activity you will read about how cystic fibrosis is treated.

Use your browser to go to:

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/cystic-fibrosis/DS00287

Use the information in the different sections of the article to answer the following questions:

1. Explain at least 3 treatments for the symptoms of cystic fibrosis.

1: Medications: some are antibiotics, mucus thinning drugs or bromchodilators

2:Chest Physical Therapy: chest clapper, inflatable vest, breathing devices

3: Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Breathing strategies, Exercise training, Nutritional counseling

2. Discuss at least 3 ways for parents to help their children who have cystic fibrosis.

One way is that the parents could try all the "options" that are available to help CF. Another is supporting the child that has CF. A third way is making sure the child has plenty fluids and exercise. The parents can be a big help with exercise because they could play a game of basketball and just help the child. It also shows the child that the parent is willing to help with this decease.

My Microscope Test!

Microscope.... That strange looking thing in your science class room. Many people use it and don't understand how to use it properly and safely. Currently in Biology we have been playing around with Microscopes and how to use them and what the purpose they are used for. So this is a little check list/ picture on how to use one of these funky looking things!

This is a picture of a microscope and what the parts are on the microscope.











The first thing you need to know about the microscope is you nedd to turn on the light to see the slider. Then you place your test slide under the lowest objective and focus the objective. If youi still cant see it you can move the objective with the revolving nosepiece. Also you can rotate the fine focus to view the slide much more clearly. These steps also go for all objectives. The microscope is pretty easy to understand.



Here is a cool glogster I found!!! This can help you understand the microscope.

The lab I created:)

Osmosis and Diffusion seems like complicated terms but in reality they are both very simple to understand. With this lab I had to create the "lab". This shows how osmosis and diffusion happened between the substances I mixed up. With this lab the tube with the water inside it swelled but creating a heavier weight within the 24 hours but when I had the chance to weigh the tube it weighed less because it was trading places with the corn syrup. Thus the tube filled with corn syrup and the and the glass filled with water. The same process happened with the tube filled with corn syrup and 24 hours later the    two flipped. I like to think of these processes as an algebra equation to get the correct answer you have to flip numbers or letters to get them to the opposite sides. The photos below show more of detail of what happened.

This is my information in graph form.  This graph shows the amount of liquid measured with a scale.

                     Measured in Grams

This graph shows the change in weight from the original weight and the change in weight to the next day. Through out this lab and the 24 hour wait I noticed that the bags and substances in the bag flip. The Water in cup and Corn syrup tube is now Water in bag and Corn syrup in the cup. This change also happened with the Corn syrup in tube and Water in cup. Over time tube expands because of water rushing into the tube and the Corn syrup traveling into the bag. This diagram will give you a better visual.

And just for fun... does anybody remember Osmosis Jones??? Here is the video trailer :)

Diffusion and Osmosis Lab

Diffusion and Osmosis are important to living organisms because water and certain solutes move in and out of cells by there two processes. However, molecules only move from region of high concentration to low concentration during these processes. Cells often need to absorb molecules from regions in which the concentration of the molecules may be lower than the concentration already inside the cell. The absorption of glucose from blood frequently occurs under these circumstances. Cells use the process of active transport to move substances through the cell membrane against a concentration gradient. Active transport involves proteins in the cell membrane against a concentration gradient. Active transport involves proteins in the cell membrane and energy derived from ATP. Diffusion of small molecules through a selectively permeable membrane (Tube). Tubing is made of a membrane containing tiny pores. The size of the minute pores in the tube determines the size of molecules that can pass through. Small solute molecules and water molecules can move through freely, but larger molecules will pass through more slowly, or perhaps not at all. The movement of a solute through a selectively permeable membrane is called dialysis.


This table will help you understand more of what went went on in the process.

Dialysis Tubing with carbohydrate solution and Water-Iodine Soultion

During this lab i filled a cup with a carbohydrate solution and a dialysis tube of water and iodine.
After 30 minutes of the tube sitting in the the water you could see a change in color and touch.

As you can see the color of the bag is a purple color that is because the water-iodine solution is starting to diffuse into the into the carb solution in the tube and the carb solution is starting to diffuse into the water-iodine solution.






After 24 hours of this lab the color changed completely and the mixtures were different.  We used carbohydrate testers and we found that both the tube and cup had traces of carbohydrate s inside them. As you can see the colors changed.

 

 

 

After 24 hours and I noticed the substance at the bottom i shook the tube and the purple substance mixed all together to create this.

These are my result questions:

1.) How would you explain the results you obtained? which substances(s) are entering the bag and which are leaving the bag? Support your answer with experimental evidence.

The results I obtained from this experiment is the starch water is still in the bag but the Iodine comes through the bag changing color in the cup.

2.) What evidence could have been collected to show quantitatively that water diffused in to the dialysis bag?

The iodine water is clear and the bag is purple. Also we tested both substances and the cup had carbohydrate traces in the water.

3.) What results would you expect if the experiment stated with glucose and IKI (iodine) solution inside the bag and only starch and water outside? Why?

It would be reversed the cup would be purple and the bag would be clear.

Standard 8

Remebering: What I did in Biology is:
1.Introduction to Experimental Design
2. Water Properties Blog Post
3. Acid in Your Stomach Lab (pH Lab)
4. Introduction to Macromolecules
5. Carbohydrate ID Lab
6. Biomolecules Concept Map
7. Collagen Webquest
8. Membrane Structure Tutorial

What is important about it:
Each blog was interesting to write and learn whats new in the world of chemistry and just a new insight of the world of chemistry.

Applying:
I could apply this in everyday life. Biology is very important with what I want to become. I want be become a Nurse so this field of science is essential to medical school.

Evaluating:
How I did this 1st quarter I think I did well I kept up with my blogs and kept a steady standard of proficent. So I would say that I did very well for my very first time being in Mr. Ludwigs class.

Creating:
Next quarter I could put some youtube videos, websites, and just more visual effects to my blogs to give a further explanition of what we are studing.

Membrane Structure

Membrane Structure notes:
https://docs.google.com/a/lajunta.k12.co.us/document/d/1Wzx0yawW13MyOu93HG5ypAwLqAyFB2LHsiRpLkUDeuw/edit

Questions from edmodo.

1. What are the three members of the lipid family?
A: Fats, Phospholipids, and Steroids
2.True or False are lipids Hyrophobis
A:True
3.True or False unsaturated fatty acids have higher melting points than saturated fatty acids.
A: Fals. Unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point than saturated fatty acids.

Macromolecule Concept Map

Here is my concept map!!!


   
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Collagen Webquest

COLLAGEN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Proteins are the most diverse class of biological molecules. Most of your body is made up of proteins. Each protein consists of one or more polypeptide chains, in which amino acids are strung together in a specific order. This amino acid sequence or 'primary structure' is the key to the shape and function of the protein. Interactions among different amino acids along the length of the polypeptide chain cause it to coil, bend, and fold into a complex shape. Some proteins consist of two or more polypeptide chains. In many cases, the polypeptide chains form a rounded or globular shape. Most enzymes are like this, as is the oxygen-carrying hemoglobin molecule. In other cases, polypeptide chains form long strands or sheets. These fibrous proteins are often structural components, such as keratin and collagen.

Activity

In this activity, you will explore the structure and function of collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body. You will begin by visiting a Protein Data Bank site, where the structure of collagen is described and illustrated in a "Molecule of the Month" feature. Next, you will research the effects of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a genetic disorder that affects the structure or number of collagen molecules.

Part 1.

Use your browser to go to http://www.rcsb.org. This site is a Protein Data Bank where you can search for any information about your favorite proteins, including everyone’s favorite, collagen.

Do a search at the very top of the page for collagen, then click on the Molecule of the Month: Collagen link to view the article on collagen.

Read the information and view the graphics. Use this information to answer the following questions:

1. Describe the primary structure of collagen. What are the major amino acid components in collagen? The major components of collagen is 1400 amino acids with every third being glycine. The major components in collagen are glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline. These three components create the sturdy structure for when they reapeat.





2. What role does vitamin C play in collagen formation? What happens when a person does not get enough vitamin C in his or her diet? The role Vitamin C assists the reaction that takes place with normal proline for it to become hydroxyproline. When you don’t get enough vitamin C in your everyday diet it will result in the slow production of hydroxyproline and therefore the construction of collagen resulting with scurvy. Pirates had scurvy because of not enough Vitamin C there diet.





3. Describe the quaternary structure of collagen (the way in which the polypeptide chains are arranged). The quaternary structure of collagen is three polypeptide chains mixed into a triple helix. In the middle of the helix glycine settles, while an non-common amino acid-proline and its modified to form hydroxyproline witch is pressed tightyly around the structure.




Part 2.

Use your browser to go to the Web site of the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation at

http://www.oif.org

On the left side of the home page, click the link “About OI”, then find the “Facts About OI” section.

Read the material in the sections entitled "Facts on Osteogenesis Imperfecta” and “Types of OI.” Use what you have learned to answer the following questions:

1. What is the main symptom of osteogenesis imperfecta? What are some other symptoms that people with OI may have? The main symptom of osteogenesis imperfecta is fragile bones that crack and fracture easily. Other symptoms that people with OL may experience are muscle weakness, fatigue, joint laxity, hearing loss, short stature, and curved bones.







2. Type I osteogenesis imperfecta causes fewer problems than the other forms. How does the collagen structure in Type I OI differ from that of the other types?
The structure is diffrent because those with type 1 have spontaneous mutation while others have a dominant mutation to one set of collagen genes.







Read the handout (pdf) in the resources section on Bone Structure.

1. Describe the role of collagen in bones. Why do collagen problems lead to bone problems?
The role of collagen in bones is like steel reinforcement in concrete. Minerals such as phosphorus and calcium crystallize around the collagen and provide strength. The collagen in the middle provide the resiliency and flexiblitlity in bone that is needed to withstand trauma or daily uses. Collagen problems lead to bone problems because not having enough collagen or the wrong kind of collagen to be able to provide the bone with flexibility and durability. You are more likely to get more breaks or fractures of the bone.