Standard 8

Remebering: What I did in Biology is:
1.Introduction to Experimental Design
2. Water Properties Blog Post
3. Acid in Your Stomach Lab (pH Lab)
4. Introduction to Macromolecules
5. Carbohydrate ID Lab
6. Biomolecules Concept Map
7. Collagen Webquest
8. Membrane Structure Tutorial

What is important about it:
Each blog was interesting to write and learn whats new in the world of chemistry and just a new insight of the world of chemistry.

Applying:
I could apply this in everyday life. Biology is very important with what I want to become. I want be become a Nurse so this field of science is essential to medical school.

Evaluating:
How I did this 1st quarter I think I did well I kept up with my blogs and kept a steady standard of proficent. So I would say that I did very well for my very first time being in Mr. Ludwigs class.

Creating:
Next quarter I could put some youtube videos, websites, and just more visual effects to my blogs to give a further explanition of what we are studing.

Membrane Structure

Membrane Structure notes:
https://docs.google.com/a/lajunta.k12.co.us/document/d/1Wzx0yawW13MyOu93HG5ypAwLqAyFB2LHsiRpLkUDeuw/edit

Questions from edmodo.

1. What are the three members of the lipid family?
A: Fats, Phospholipids, and Steroids
2.True or False are lipids Hyrophobis
A:True
3.True or False unsaturated fatty acids have higher melting points than saturated fatty acids.
A: Fals. Unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point than saturated fatty acids.

Macromolecule Concept Map

Here is my concept map!!!


   
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Collagen Webquest

COLLAGEN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Proteins are the most diverse class of biological molecules. Most of your body is made up of proteins. Each protein consists of one or more polypeptide chains, in which amino acids are strung together in a specific order. This amino acid sequence or 'primary structure' is the key to the shape and function of the protein. Interactions among different amino acids along the length of the polypeptide chain cause it to coil, bend, and fold into a complex shape. Some proteins consist of two or more polypeptide chains. In many cases, the polypeptide chains form a rounded or globular shape. Most enzymes are like this, as is the oxygen-carrying hemoglobin molecule. In other cases, polypeptide chains form long strands or sheets. These fibrous proteins are often structural components, such as keratin and collagen.

Activity

In this activity, you will explore the structure and function of collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body. You will begin by visiting a Protein Data Bank site, where the structure of collagen is described and illustrated in a "Molecule of the Month" feature. Next, you will research the effects of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a genetic disorder that affects the structure or number of collagen molecules.

Part 1.

Use your browser to go to http://www.rcsb.org. This site is a Protein Data Bank where you can search for any information about your favorite proteins, including everyone’s favorite, collagen.

Do a search at the very top of the page for collagen, then click on the Molecule of the Month: Collagen link to view the article on collagen.

Read the information and view the graphics. Use this information to answer the following questions:

1. Describe the primary structure of collagen. What are the major amino acid components in collagen? The major components of collagen is 1400 amino acids with every third being glycine. The major components in collagen are glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline. These three components create the sturdy structure for when they reapeat.





2. What role does vitamin C play in collagen formation? What happens when a person does not get enough vitamin C in his or her diet? The role Vitamin C assists the reaction that takes place with normal proline for it to become hydroxyproline. When you don’t get enough vitamin C in your everyday diet it will result in the slow production of hydroxyproline and therefore the construction of collagen resulting with scurvy. Pirates had scurvy because of not enough Vitamin C there diet.





3. Describe the quaternary structure of collagen (the way in which the polypeptide chains are arranged). The quaternary structure of collagen is three polypeptide chains mixed into a triple helix. In the middle of the helix glycine settles, while an non-common amino acid-proline and its modified to form hydroxyproline witch is pressed tightyly around the structure.




Part 2.

Use your browser to go to the Web site of the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation at

http://www.oif.org

On the left side of the home page, click the link “About OI”, then find the “Facts About OI” section.

Read the material in the sections entitled "Facts on Osteogenesis Imperfecta” and “Types of OI.” Use what you have learned to answer the following questions:

1. What is the main symptom of osteogenesis imperfecta? What are some other symptoms that people with OI may have? The main symptom of osteogenesis imperfecta is fragile bones that crack and fracture easily. Other symptoms that people with OL may experience are muscle weakness, fatigue, joint laxity, hearing loss, short stature, and curved bones.







2. Type I osteogenesis imperfecta causes fewer problems than the other forms. How does the collagen structure in Type I OI differ from that of the other types?
The structure is diffrent because those with type 1 have spontaneous mutation while others have a dominant mutation to one set of collagen genes.







Read the handout (pdf) in the resources section on Bone Structure.

1. Describe the role of collagen in bones. Why do collagen problems lead to bone problems?
The role of collagen in bones is like steel reinforcement in concrete. Minerals such as phosphorus and calcium crystallize around the collagen and provide strength. The collagen in the middle provide the resiliency and flexiblitlity in bone that is needed to withstand trauma or daily uses. Collagen problems lead to bone problems because not having enough collagen or the wrong kind of collagen to be able to provide the bone with flexibility and durability. You are more likely to get more breaks or fractures of the bone.

Carbohydrate I.D. Lab Standard 3

Carbohydrate Identification Lab Analysis Questions

Use your results from the carbohydrate identification lab and any notes or resources about carbohydrates to answer the following questions:

1. Name the three categories of carbohydrates studied in this investigation. The three categories of carbohydrates are Monosacrides, Disacrides and Polysacrides
2. What three chemical elements are present in all carbohydrates? Three chemical elements present in carbohydrates are Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon.
3. Give two examples each of the names of sugar molecules from our discussion or the textbook/online that are:
1. Monosaccharides Corn syrup and Green Tea
2. Disaccharides Lactose and Maltose
3. Polysaccharides Cheerios and Flower
4. How many times larger is the number of hydrogen atoms than oxygen atoms in:
1. water? Twice the number of oxygen.
2. carbohydrates? Twice the number of Carbon and Oxygen
5. “Mono” means one, “di” means two, and “poly” means many. Why are these terms used in describing the three types of sugars? They are used to describe the amount of Monosaccharides in the sugars.
6. How can you tell by using Benedict’s and iodine solutions if a sugar is a
1. Monosaccharide? It had no effect with the iodine but with the Benedict's it changed color.
2. Disaccharide? Both solutions will have no effect.
3. Polysaccharide? It will have an effect with the Iodine but not with the Benedict's.
7. A certain sugar has no change in color when tested with Benedict’s solution.
1. Can you tell what type of saccharide it is? It is a Polysaccharide 
2. Explain. It has no change with the Benedict's but has a change with the Iodine.
8. A certain sugar has a color change in Benedict’s solution.
1. Can you tell what type of saccharide it is? It is a Monosaccharide
2. Explain. With the Benedict's it changed color but with Iodine it did not change color to show that it is a Mono.
9. Give a examples of foods that contain
1. Monosaccharides Green Tea and Corn Syrup
2. Disaccharides Beans and Milk
3. Polysaccharides Cheerios

In this we tested different carbohydrates. With each test we asked our selves what food or drink contain mono, di or polysacrids? With the lab we had 2 test's one was a benedicts (Blue)  with the blue solution you had to drop the 3 carbs in a testtube in a hot water bath for 3 minutes. The last test was the Iodine test (Brown) didnt need water all you did was drop 2 to 3 drops into each carb and look for the reaction, it should come instantly. With each test we tested 3 carbs one was my green tea from lunch, cheerio water, and corn syrup.  

The benedicts solution ( blue) ------------>

<--------------------- Iodine Soultion

 

The three mer's we tested Poly, Mono, and Di-->

 

 

Mono, Di and Polymers with benidicts soultion before the hot water bath.
------------------------------------------------------>

 

My Carbs in a hot water bath to react with the benedicts solutions. --------------------------->

 

The result form the hot bath with the benedicts soulution. It was interesting to see that the mono was the reacted one.

 

 

With this iodine test the carb that had the reaction is the polymer. It has the darker soultion in the test tube------------------>

 

 

This is my carb with the green tea, cheerios, and corn syrup. As you can tell the cheerios and corn syrup has reacted.

This is my final test with the benedicts the green tea and cornsyrup were the only carb that reacted.








My Lab results in table form:

This table is from my first expriment with mono. di, and polymers.

Carbohydrate	Benedicts	Iodine
Mono	+  Positive reaction	-          No reaction
Di	-          No reaction	-          No reaction
Poly	-          No reaction	+  Positive reaction

This table is from my second lab with Geen Tea, Cheerios, and Corn Syrup.

Carbohydrate	Benedicts	Iodine
Green Tea	+  Positive reaction	-          No reaction
Cheerios	-          No reaction	+  Positive reaction
Corn Syrup	+  Positive reaction	+  Positive reaction

Macromolecules Web Activity

I learned alot form this activity like how we get cavities. I enjoyed reading the articles!!

Web Activity: Macromolecules in Cells

Open your web browser and navigate to:

http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/bionet/biol115/t2_basics_of_life/lesson2.htm

Read the introduction to Macromolecules and answer these questions:

1. What is a macromolecule?

Refers to a class of usually large molecules that are important to biology.

2. What is a monomer?

is any of several small molecular structures that my be chemically bonded together to form long multi-part polymer molecules.

3. What is a polymer?

A large molecule made up of similar or identical subunits called monomers

4. List the four main types of macromolecules.

Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids


In the learning materials box click the link for the activity “making and breaking polymers.” Use this activity to help answer the following questions:

5. What are the types of reactions that macromolecules are shown to undergo?

Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis Reactions

6. Describe how monomers are joined together.

Dehydration Synthesis also known as condensation reaction

Condensation reaction

7. Describe how polymers are broken down.

Hydrolysis reactions

Hydrolysis reaction break down polymers by breaking the covalent bond holding the monomers together

8. What is the specific name for the bond between simple sugar monomers?

Covalent Bond

9. Which kind of enzyme joins monomers together?

Polymerase enzyme


Back on the previous macromolecules page, scroll down to the section on carbohydrates. In the learning materials box for carbohydrates click the link to the “build a carbohydrate” activity.

10. Describe how you had to arrange the sugar monomers in order to build a polysaccharide.

I had to drag 3 more sugar molecules and rotated them til they linked creating a 4-molecule polysaccharide.

11. Which building blocks of macromolecules are not used in building carbohydrates?

Nucleotide, Fatty Acid, and Amino Acid


Back on the previous carbohydrates page, click on the link on the bottom of the page labeled “More on Carbohydrates.” Read the article and answer these questions:

12. Why is sugar stored as glycogen in the human body?

It is stored as glycogen so the liver can produce more sugar for the body in case a little amount is taken in or absorbed.

13. Why are plant foods essential to animal life?

It is essential because they contain carbohydrates witch contain glucose.

14. Describe how starch is digested by animals.

1st digested by mouth by salivary amylase. Then to the small intestine and digested with pancreatic amylase. Then the starch chains are broken down into individual molecules by glucoamylase witch are then absorbed.

15. What is “fiber” and why is it important in your diet?

Fiber is important because it is the indigestible carbohydrate polymer from fruits and veggies!!! Also fiber absorbes and makes the toxins become neutral in foods and can be linked to decrease to bone cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

16. What causes you to pass gas (fart) according to the article?

Ha ha this was weird to read but what causes you to fart is the fermentation of the undigested carbohydrates and protein we eat by the anaerobic microorganisms in out colon

Scroll back up to the top of the carbohydrates article and click on the link in the text to “Low Carbo Madness” and read the linked article. (or click here)

17. What are some disadvantages of a low-carb diet?

Some disadvantages of a low carb diet is it is hard to stick to ha ha i have tried by the disadvantages are they are ineffective and there are is a rick to cardiovascular disease and a decrease in energy.



Return to the original carbohydrates lesson page and click on the link on the bottom “Carbohydrates and Cavities” and read the linked page.

18. Describe the role that sugars play in cavity formation in your teeth.

The role sugar plays in cavity formation in your teeth is when you eat carbs they metabolized into acid and the acid wears down the teeth and the enamel over a ling period of time.